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Illustration Credits

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Term Illustrations

ἀγαλλιάω
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1912; Accession number 12.232.8a. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. in the public domain from the MET, Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1903 Object Number: 03.14.5
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1910; Accession number 10.210.18. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo. Yale University Art Gallery, Dura-Europos Collection/New Haven, Connecticut. Open access courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. The Visitation, from a Book of Hours Date: c. 1440-1445 Artist:Workshop of the Master of the Ghent Privileges Flanders (Ghent or Tournai, active 1430s-1460s) AIC Reference Number 1915.538 IIIF Manifest https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/71519/manifest.json
6. Figure 6. The MET Title: Medallion with Saint Matthew from an Icon Frame Date: ca. 1100 Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Object Number: 17.190.672
7. Figure 7. Title: Bowl Base with Christ Giving Martyrs’ Crowns to Saints Peter and Paul Date: ca. 350 Geography: Made in probably Rome Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1911 Object Number: 11.91.4
8. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. MET Title: Tobias Curing His Father's Blindness Artist: Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, Genoa 1581–1644 Venice) Date: 1630–35 Medium: Oil on canvas Credit Line: Purchase, Mary Wetmore Shively Bequest, in memory of her husband, Henry L. Shively, M.D., 1957 Object Number: 57.23
9. Image 2. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo. Yale University Art Gallery, Dura-Europos Collection/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
ἀγάπη
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1949; Accession Number 49.69.5. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Open access courtesy The Met. The Metropolitian Museum of Art Title: Fragment of a Sarcophagus with a Seated Figure Date: ca. 250 Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1918 Object Number: 18.108
3. Figure 3. Title:Mosaic Panel with Two Male Busts Artist/Maker:Unknown Date:5th century A.D. Object Number: 78.AH.399 Credit Line: Gift of Dr. Martin Orenstein
4. Figure 4. © Zach Whalen (full use giving to Contexicon)
5. Figure 5. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
6. Figure 6. Getty Villa Title: Grave Stele of Philoxenos with his Wife, Philoumene Artist/Maker: Unknown Date: about 400 B.C. Object Number: 83.AA.378 Inscription(s): Inscription: Names of Philoxenos and Philoumene in Greek. Alternate Titles: Gravestone of Philoxenos and Philoumene (Alternate Title)
7. Figure 7. Getty Villa Title: Head of a Greek Philosopher or Poet Artist/Maker: Unknown Date: 2nd century A.D. Object Number: 73.AA.25
8. Figure 8. Princeton University Title Mosaic pavement: Apollo and Daphne Object Number y1965-219 Credit Line Gift of the Committee for the Excavation of Antioch to Princeton University Place excavated Turkey, Antioch, Daphne Harbie
9. Figure 9. The MET Title: Medallion with Saint Paul from an Icon Frame Date: ca. 1100 Geography: Made in Constantinople Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Object Number: 17.190.673
10. Figure 10. The Getty Villa Title: Christ Teaching Artist/Maker: Unknown Date: about 1000 Classification: Illuminated Manuscript Object Type: Detached leaf Alternate Numbers: 85.MS.79.2.verso (Object Number)Ms. 9, leaf 2v (Manuscript Number)
11. Figure 11. Road near ancient city of Corinth, Greece. Photo © 2010 by Richard M. Harley. In public domain.
12. Figure 12. Title: Plaque with the Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew Date: ca. 1160–80 Geography: Made in England Credit Line: The Cloisters Collection, 2013 Object Number: 2013.508
13. Figure 13. The Metropolitian Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1911; Accession Number 11.91.4. Open access courtesy The Met.
14. Figure 14. The Metropolitian Museum of Art, Cloisters Collection/New York, NY, USA. Purchased 1977; Accession number 1977.421. Open access courtesy The Met.
15. Figure 15. Title: Plaque with Saint John the Evangelist Date: ca. 1175–1200 Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Object Number: 17.190.432
16. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1927; Accession Number 27.45. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἀγνοέω
1. Figure 1. Description Men in togas and tunics witness the miracle performed by Elijah with the burning altar that been soaked with water. Fresco from Dura Europos synagogue Date 244-256 CE Source https://www.flickr.com/photos/becklectic/85325024/ Author made by photographer Becklectic
2. Figure 2. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1950; Accession number 50.5.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1916; Accession number 16.174.3. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἀγράμματος
1. Figure 1. Title: Papyrus letter in Greek Period: Late Imperial Date: early 3rd century CE Culture: Roman, Egyptian Medium: Papyrus Dimensions: H.: 4 x 3 1/8 in. (10.2 x 7.9 cm) Classification: Miscellaneous-Papyrus Credit Line: Gift of M. Nahman, 1925 Object Number: 25.8
2. Figure 2. Title: Sarcophagus with a Greek Physician Date: early 300s Geography: Made in Ostia, Rome Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: 21 3/4 x 23 1/4 x 84 7/8 in. (55.2 x 59.1 x 215.6 cm) Classification: Sculpture-Stone Credit Line: Gift of Mrs. Joseph Brummer and Ernest Brummer, in memory of Joseph Brummer, 1948 Object Number: 48.76.1
3. Figure 3. Title: Miniature Relief of Saint John the Evangelist at His Writing Table Date: 1200–1225 Geography: Made in Saxony, Germany Culture: German Medium: Wood, polychromy, gilding Dimensions: Overall: 2 1/8 x 1 3/4 x 9/16 in. (5.4 x 4.5 x 1.4 cm) Classification: Sculpture-Miniature-Wood Credit Line: Bequest of George Blumenthal, 1941 Object Number: 41.190.236
4. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Institut für Altertumskunde der Universität zu Köln/Cologne, Germany. Photo (PK328r) by permission, Universität zu Köln.
ἀγρυπνέω
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1923; Accession Number 23.160.82. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Title: Fragment of a Sarcophagus with a Seated Figure Date: ca. 250 Geography: Made in Asia Minor Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: Overall: 11 x 9 13/16 x 2 3/16 in. (28 x 25 x 5.5 cm) Classification: Sculpture-Stone Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1918 Object Number: 18.108
3. Figure 3. Title: Terracotta cinerary urn Period: Hellenistic Date: 3rd–2nd century BCE Culture: Etruscan Medium: Terracotta Dimensions: 15 1/2 x 22 x 11 in. (39.4 x 55.9 x 27.9 cm) Classification: Terracottas Credit Line: Purchase, Mr. and Mrs. Harry G. Friedman Gift, 1957 Object Number: 57.11.10
4. Figure 4. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. Title: Two Leaves from a Gospel Book Artist/Maker: Unknown Date: about 1000 Medium: Tempera colors, gold leaf, and ink Dimensions: Leaf (Leaf I): 31.3 × 18.1 cm (12 5/16 × 7 1/8 in.)Leaf (Leaf Ii): 30.5 × 20.2 cm (12 × 7 15/16 in.) Place: Canterbury (?), England (Place Created) Culture: English Object Number: Ms. 9 (85.MS.79) Department: Manuscripts Classification: Illuminated Manuscript Object Type: Detached leaf Alternate Numbers: 85.MS.79 (Object Number)Ms. 9 (Manuscript Number)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
αἰθίοψ
1. Figure 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
2. Figure 2. The Art Institute of Chicago/Chicago, Illinois, USA. Gift of Mrs. Robert B. Mayer; Accession Number 1993.345. Open access courtesy The Art Institute of Chicago.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1930; Accession Number 30.4.81. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Title: Book of the Gospels Artist: Northern Highlands artist Date: late 14th–early 15th century Geography: Ethiopia, Lake Tana region Medium: Parchment (vellum), wood (acacia), tempera, ink Dimensions: H. 16 1/2 x W. 11 1/4 x D. 4 in. (41.9 x 28.6 x 10.2 cm) Classification: Hide-Documents Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1998 Object Number: 1998.66
5. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
αἴνιγμα
1. Figure 1. Title: Terracotta calyx-krater (bowl for mixing wine and water) Artist: Attributed to the Spreckles Painter Period: Classical Date: ca. 450 BCE Culture: Greek, Attic Medium: Terracotta; red-figure Dimensions: H. 18 in. (45.7 cm) diameter of mouth 17 5/8 in. (44.7 cm) Classification: Vases Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1907 Object Number: 07.286.66
2. Figure 2. Title: Attic Red-Figure Column Krater Artist/Maker: Attributed to the Painter of London E489 (Greek (Attic)) Date: about 460 B.C. Medium: Terracotta Dimensions: Object: 38.5 × 30.5 cm (15 3/16 × 12 in.) Place: Athens, Greece (Place Created) Culture: Greek (Attic) Object Number: 82.AE.143 Credit Line: Gift of Edwin A. Lipps Department: Antiquities Classification: Vessel Object Type: Krater
3. Figure 3. Title: Mosaic Floor with Orpheus and the Animals, with Four Seasons in the Corners Artist/Maker: Unknown Date: A.D. 150–200 Medium: Stone and glass Dimensions: Object: 385.9 × 457 cm (151 15/16 × 179 15/16 in.) Place: Saint-Romain-en-Gal, France (Place Created)Property of C. Grange, Saint-Romain-en-Gal, France (Place Found) Culture: Gallo-Roman Object Number: 62.AH.2 Credit Line: Gift of J. Paul Getty Department: Antiquities Classification: Architecture Object Type: Mosaic
4. Figure 4. File:Cave of Pan relief Agora Museum Athens.jpg English: Sculpture of Pan and Nymphs. Votive relief dedicated by Neoptolemos of Melite, ca. 330 BC. Exhibited along the portico of the Stoa of Attalus, which houses the Ancient Agora Museum in Athens. This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cave_of_Pan_relief_Agora_Museum_Athens.jpg
5. Figure 5. Title: Head of Plato (worked for insertion into a statue) Artist/Maker: Unknown Date: mid-3rd century A.D. Medium: Marble Dimensions: Object: 37.5 × 16 × 18.9 cm (14 3/4 × 6 5/16 × 7 7/16 in.) Place: Roman Empire (Place Created) Culture: Roman Object Number: 73.AA.16 Department: Antiquities Classification: Sculpture Object Type: Male portrait
6. Figure 6. Title: Moses Artist: Lorenzo Monaco (Piero di Giovanni) (Italian, Florence (?) ca. 1370–1425 Florence (?)) Date: ca. 1408–10 Medium: Tempera on wood, gold ground Dimensions: Overall 24 1/2 x 17 1/2 in. (62.2 x 44.5 cm); painted surface 22 5/8 x 17 5/8 in. (57.5 x 44.8 cm) Classification: Paintings Credit Line: Gwynne Andrews Fund, and Bequest of Mabel Choate, in memory of her father, Joseph Hodges Choate, by exchange, 1965 Object Number: 65.14.3
7. Figure 7. Title: The Judgment of Solomon Artist: Leonaert Bramer (Dutch, Delft 1596–1674 Delft) Date: 1640s Medium: Oil on wood Dimensions: 31 1/8 x 40 1/2 in. (79.1 x 102.9 cm) Classification: Paintings Credit Line: Gift of National Surety Company, 1911 Object Number: 11.73
8. Figure 8. Temple of Apollo/Corinth, Greece. Photo © 2010 by Richard M. Harley. In public domain.
9. Figure 9. Title: Medallion with Saint Paul from an Icon Frame Date: ca. 1100 Geography: Made in Constantinople Culture: Byzantine Medium: Gold, silver, and enamel worked in cloisonné Dimensions: Diam: 3 1/4 in. (8.3 cm) Mount: 20 1/2 x 15 x 7/8 in. (52.1 x 38.1 x 2.2 cm) Classification: Enamels-Cloisonné Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Object Number: 17.190.673
αἵρεσις
1. Figure 1. Title: Sarcophagus with a Greek Physician Date: early 300s Geography: Made in Ostia, Rome Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: 21 3/4 x 23 1/4 x 84 7/8 in. (55.2 x 59.1 x 215.6 cm) Classification: Sculpture-Stone Credit Line: Gift of Mrs. Joseph Brummer and Ernest Brummer, in memory of Joseph Brummer, 1948 Object Number: 48.76.1
2. Figure 2. Title: Fragment of a Sarcophagus with a Seated Figure Date: ca. 250 Geography: Made in Asia Minor Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: Overall: 11 x 9 13/16 x 2 3/16 in. (28 x 25 x 5.5 cm) Classification: Sculpture-Stone Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1918 Object Number: 18.108
3. Figure 3. MET, New York, USA Gift of Victor Sordan, 1980 Accession Number:1980.515
ἀναλαμβάνω
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1925; Accession Number 25.78.63. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Title: Terracotta model of a ship Period: Cypro-Archaic II Date: ca. 600–480 BCE Culture: Cypriot Medium: Terracotta; hand-made Dimensions: 7 × 4 5/8 × 10 1/8 in. (17.8 × 11.8 × 25.7 cm) Classification: Terracottas Credit Line: The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76 Object Number: 74.51.1752
3. Figure 3. Title: Terracotta cinerary urn Period: Hellenistic Date: 3rd–2nd century BCE Culture: Etruscan Medium: Terracotta Dimensions: 15 1/2 x 22 x 11 in. (39.4 x 55.9 x 27.9 cm) Classification: Terracottas Credit Line: Purchase, Mr. and Mrs. Harry G. Friedman Gift, 1957 Object Number: 57.11.10 Learn more about this artwork
4. Figure 4. Title: Tusk Fragment with the Ascension Date: 720–970 Radiocarbon date, 95% probability Geography: Attributed to Egypt or Palestine Medium: Ivory; carved Dimensions: H. 7 3/4 in. (19.7 cm) W. 4 15/16 in. (12.5 cm) D. 2 3/8 in. (6 cm) Max. Th. 1 1/16 in. (2.7 cm) Classification: Ivories and Bone Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Object Number: 17.190.46
5. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917; Accession Number 17.190.1405. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἀνάστασις
1. Figure 1. Title: Marble relief of a chisel and mallet Date: 2nd century CE Culture: Roman Medium: Marble-Italian ? Dimensions: Overall: 14 x 11 1/4 x 3 3/8in. (35.6 x 28.6 x 8.5cm) Classification: Stone Sculpture Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1923 Object Number: 23.160.81
2. Figure 2. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. Title: Sarcophagus with Scenes from the Lives of Saint Peter and Christ Date: early 300s, with modern restoration Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: 26 1/2 × 83 1/2 × 24 3/8 in. (67.3 × 212.1 × 61.9 cm) Classification: Sculpture-Stone Credit Line: Gift of Josef and Marsy Mittlemann, 1991 Object Number: 1991.366
4. Figure 4. Title: Plaque with Doubting Thomas Date: ca. 1140–60 Geography: Made in Cologne, Germany Culture: German Medium: Walrus ivory Dimensions: Overall (with mount): 8 3/8 x 7 9/16 x 1 1/8 in. (21.2 x 19.2 x 2.9 cm) Overall (without mount): 8 3/8 x 7 9/16 x 3/8 in. (21.2 x 19.2 x 0.9 cm) Classification: Ivories-Walrus Credit Line: Gift of George Blumenthal, 1941 Object Number: 41.100.202
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, USA. Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917; Accession number 17.190.41. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἀνάψυξις
1. Figure 1. Title: Sarcophagus with a Greek Physician Date: early 300s Geography: Made in Ostia, Rome Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: 21 3/4 x 23 1/4 x 84 7/8 in. (55.2 x 59.1 x 215.6 cm) Classification: Sculpture-Stone Credit Line: Gift of Mrs. Joseph Brummer and Ernest Brummer, in memory of Joseph Brummer, 1948 Object Number: 48.76.1
2. Figure 2. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. The Last Supper and the Agony in the Garden Culture Italian , Spoleto Dateabout 1300 Mediumfresco transferred to canvas Dimensions235.4 x 256.3 cm (92 11/16 x 100 7/8 in.) ClassificationsPaintings Credit LineMuseum Purchase Terms fresco Object number1924.24
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchase, Mrs. Carl L. Selden Gift, in memory of Carl L. Selden, 1989; Accession Number 1989.94. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἁπλότης
1. Figure 1. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, N.Y., gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917; accession number: 17.190.138. Open access, courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Yale University Art Gallery. Credit Line Gift of Ambassador and Mrs. William L. Eagleton, Jr., B.A. 1948 Accession Number 1984.121
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York; Rogers Fund, 1908, accession number: 08.170.117. Open access, courtesy The Met. Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1908 Accession Number: 08.170.117
5. Figure 5. Auckland Castle, Durham, England. Accession number X737 (Auckland Castle) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Issachar_(Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n).jpg
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, N.Y., purchased by subscription, 1874–76, part of the Cesnola Collection; accession number: 74.51.5170. Open access, courtesy The Met.
7. Figure 7. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, N.Y.; bequest of Michael Dreicer, 1921; accession number: 22.60.11. Open access, courtesy The Met.
8. Figure 8. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, N.Y.; gift of Felix M. Warburg and his family, 1941; accession number: 41.1.43
9. Figure 9. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, N.Y.; gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917, accession number: 17.190.130
ἀποκαθίστημι
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York City, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1930; Accession Number 30.11.9. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Baptistery wall painting: Christ Healing the Paralytic ca. A.D. 232 Credit Line Yale-French Excavations at Dura-Europos Accession Number 1932.1202 Geography Excavated in Dura-Europos, Syria Culture Syrian, Dura-Europos Period Roman (3rd century A.D.)
3. Figure 3. Title: Wall Fragment with Winged Female (Nike) on Black Ground Artist/Maker: Unknown Date: A.D. 50–79 Medium: Fresco Dimensions: Object: 91 × 56 × 5 cm (35 13/16 × 22 1/16 × 1 15/16 in.) Place: Boscoreale, Italy (Place Created) Culture: Roman Object Number: 72.AG.78.2 Alternate Titles: Frescoes (Alternate Title) Department: Antiquities Classification: Painting Object Type: Fresco
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Johnston Fund, 1924; Accession Number 24.144.2. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Figure 5. Title: Medallion with Saint John the Baptist from an Icon Frame Date: ca. 1100 Geography: Made in Constantinople Culture: Byzantine Medium: Gold, silver, and enamel worked in cloisonné Dimensions: Diam: 3 1/4 in. (8.3 cm) Mount: 20 1/2 x 15 x 7/8 in. (52.1 x 38.1 x 2.2 cm) Classification: Enamels-Cloisonné Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Object Number: 17.190.677
6. Figure 6. Scanned images of hand-colored, black/white photos of wall paintings in Synagogue Dura, Syria. Yale University Art Gallery, Dura-Europos Collection/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
ἀρχηγός
1. Figure 1. Title: Carnelian ring stone Period: Imperial Date: ca. 1st–3rd century CE Culture: Roman Medium: Carnelian Dimensions: Length: 1/2 in. (1.2 cm) Classification: Gems Credit Line: Gift of John Taylor Johnston, 1881 Object Number: 81.6.48
2. Figure 2. The British Museum/London, United Kingdom. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_BW.jpeg
3. Figure 3. Title: Marble portrait of the emperor Augustus Period: Early Imperial, Julio-Claudian Date: ca. 14–37 CE Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: 11in. (27.9cm) Classification: Stone Sculpture Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1908 Object Number: 08.258.47
4. Figure 4. Pompeii, Italy. Photo by 2003 Richard Harley. In public domain.
5. Figure 5. Title: Portrait of Christ Date: early 20th century (original dated late 5th–early 6th century) Culture: Byzantine Medium: Tesserae, glass in wooden frame Dimensions: Overall: 33 7/16 x 32 15/16 x 1 3/8 in. (85 x 83.7 x 3.5 cm) Classification: Reproductions-Mosaics Credit Line: Johnston Fund, 1924 Object Number: 24.144.6
6. Figure 6. Title: Plaque with Jesus’ Entry into Jerusalem Date: 900–925 Geography: Made in Milan Culture: Ottonian Medium: Elephant ivory Dimensions: Overall: 6 13/16 x 4 5/8 x 1/4 in. (17.3 x 11.7 x 0.6 cm) Classification: Ivories-Elephant Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Object Number: 17.190.50
7. Figure 7. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchase, Mrs. Carl L. Selden Gift, in memory of Carl L. Selden, 1989; Accession Number 1989.94. Open access courtesy The Met.
8. Figure 8. Title: Bowl Base with Saints Peter and Paul Flanking a Column with the Christogram of Christ Date: late 4th century Culture: Byzantine Medium: Glass, gold leaf Dimensions: Overall: Diam. 3 7/8 x 1/4 in. (9.9 x 0.6 cm) Classification: Glass-Gold glass Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1916 Object Number: 16.174.3
9. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Egyptian Museum/Cairo, Egypt, (P.Oxy. I.41(i)).
10. Image 2. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Accession Number 85.AB.109. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
11. Image 3. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Accession Number 70.AA.109. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
12. Image 4. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, Callifornia, USA. Accession number 83.AM.342. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
13. Image 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1913; Accession number 13.60. Open access courtesy The Met.
14. Image 6. Remains of the College of Augustali/ Herculaneum, Italy. Photo by 2003 Richard Harley.
ἀσχημονέω
1. Figure 1. Title: Marble statue of Dionysos seated on a panther Artist: François Duquesnoy Period: Imperial Date: 1st–3rd century CE Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: Overall: 56 3/8 in. (143.2 cm) Storage (weight on standard pallett): 843lb. (382.4kg) Classification: Stone Sculpture Credit Line: Gift of Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson, 1903 Object Number: 03.12.7
2. Figure 2. Title: Fragment of a Sarcophagus with a Seated Figure Date: ca. 250 Geography: Made in Asia Minor Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: Overall: 11 x 9 13/16 x 2 3/16 in. (28 x 25 x 5.5 cm) Classification: Sculpture-Stone Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1918 Object Number: 18.108
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchased 1896; Accession Number 96.18.29. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Title: A Roman Feast Artist/Maker: Roberto Bompiani (Italian, (Roman), 1821 - 1908) Date: late 19th century Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: Unframed: 127 × 163.8 cm (50 × 64 1/2 in.)Framed [Outer Dim]: 156.2 × 190.5 × 6.4 cm (61 1/2 × 75 × 2 1/2 in.) Culture: Italian Signature(s): Lower left: "Rto Bompiani" Object Number: 72.PA.4 Department: Paintings Classification: Painting Object Type: Painting
5. Figure 5. Worcester Art Museum/Worcester, Massachusett, USA. Museum excavation funded by Reverend Dr. Austin S. Garver and Sara C. Garver; Accession Number 1936.36. Photo by by Richard M. Harley.
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1951; Accession Number 51.501.7008. Open access courtesy The Met.
7. Figure 7. Title: Gilded bronze mirror with the Three Graces Period: Mid-Imperial, Antonine Date: mid-2nd century CE Culture: Roman Medium: Bronze, silver, gold, speculum Dimensions: Diam.: 4 3/4 in. (12.1 cm) Classification: Bronzes Credit Line: Purchase, Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation Gift, 1987 Object Number: 1987.11.1
8. Figure 8. Lechaion Road near ancient Corinth, Greece. Photo © 2010 by Richard M. Harley. In public domain.
9. Figure 9. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. The Bequest of Michael Dreicer, 1921; Accession Number 22.60.11. Open access courtesy The Met.
βασιλεία
1. Figure 1. Museo Archeologico Nazionale/Naples, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART400068)
2. Figure 2. Braccio Nuovo, Museo Chiaramonti, Vatican Museum/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, NY. (ART358807)
3. Figure 3. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Image © Trustees of the British Museum. Art Resource/NY. (ART381921)
4. Figure 4. Museo di Sant'Agostino/Genoa, Italy. Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART365955)
5. Figure 5. Duomo di Oristano/Oristano, Italy. Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART500264)
6. Figure 6. National Gallery/London, United Kingdom. Photo © National Gallery/Art Resource, NY. (ART373904)
7. Figure 7. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Image © British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART138935)
8. Figure 8. St. Peter's Basilica/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART61260)
9. Figure 9. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Victor Sordan, 1980; Accession Number 1980.515. Open access courtesy The Met.
10. Figure 10. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cloisters Collection/New York, NY, USA. Purchased 1977; Accession number 1977.421. Open access courtesy The Met.
11. Figure 11. Basilica of Santa Sabina/Rome, Italy. Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART26684)
12. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
βδέλυγμα
1. Figure 1. The Roman Forum/Rome, Italy. Werner Forman Archive. Location: 01. Roman Forum/HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9138962)
2. Figure 2. Scanned images of hand-colored, black/white photos of wall paintings in Synagogue Dura, Syria. Yale University Art Gallery, Dura-Europos Collection/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, USA. Gift of Henry Walters, 1917; Accession Number 17.37.182. Open access courtesty The Met.
4. Figure 4. Yale University Art Museum, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Gift of Mary Hyde Ottaway (made in Ake, Syria); Accession Number 2016.94.1. Open access courtesy of Yale University.
5. Figure 5. Los Angeles County Museum of Art/Los Angeles, CA, USA. taly, Rome. Gift of Camilla Chandler Frost; Accquisition Number M.86.322.1. Open access courtesy Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
γερουσία
1. Figure 1. Palazzo Madama/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART85718)
2. Figure 2. Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo from Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART315237)
γράμμα
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Joseph W. Drexel, 1889; Accession Number 89.2.652. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of M. Nahman, 1925; Accession Number 25.8. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
4. Figure 4. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART20190)
5. Figure 5. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART174056)
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1916; Accession Number 16.174.3. Open access courtesy The Met.
7. Figure 7. Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Bildarchive Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART315237)
γραμματεύς
1. Figure 1. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART177369)
2. Figure 2. Museo Ostiense/Ostia, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART74217)
3. Figure 3. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART535201)
4. Figure 4. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana/Florence, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART2510)
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York. NY, USA. Bequest of Michael Dreicer, 1921; Accession number 22.60.11. Open access courtesy The Met.
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
γρηγορέω
1. Figure 1. Archaeological Museum/El Jemm, Tunisia. Photo by Gilles Mermet/Art Resource, NY. (ART157062)
2. Figure 2. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART150693)
3. Figure 3. House of the Tragic Poet/Pompeii, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART180958)
4. Figure 4. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART172801)
5. Figure 5. Basilica di Santa Vitale/Ravenna, Italy. Photo Cameraphoto Arte, Venice/Art Resource, NY. (ART173320)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
δεσπότης
1. Figure 1. The J. Paul Getty Museum/Los Angeles, California, USA. Accession Number 77.AA.33. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
2. Figure 2. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART193274)
3. Figure 3. Museo Chiaramonti, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, NY. (ART358807)
4. Figure 4. Museo Archeologico Nazionale/Naples, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART47606)
5. Figure 5. Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART18376)
6. Figure 6. Museo Pio Cristiano, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, NY. (ART358865)
7. Figure 7. Palazzo dei Normanni/Palermo, Sicily. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART7349)
διακονία
1. Figure 1. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/ Malibu, California, USA. Accession Number 86.AA.701. Digital image courtesy the Getty's Open Content Program.
2. Figure 2. Musee National du Bardo/Tunis, Tunisia. Photo © Gilles Mermet/Art Resource, NY. (ART157053)
3. Figure 3. Museo della Civilta Romana/Rome, Italy. Photo by Bridgeman-Giraudon/Art Resource, NY. (ART69095)
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Charles K. and Irma B. Wilkinson, 1963; Accession Number 63.178.2. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Figure 5. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. bpk Bildagentur/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen/Ingrid Geske/Art Resource, NY. (ART464929)
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York , NY, USA. Gift of John Morton Morris, in memory of Lawrence Turcic, 1988; Acquisition Number 1988.231. Open access courtesy The Met.
7. Figure 7. Basilica di Santa Vitale/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART95136)
8. Figure 8. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1911; Accession Number 11.91.4. Open access courtesy The Met.
9. Figure 9. Battistero degli Ariani/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Scala/Ministero per i Beni e le Attività culturali/Art Resource, NY. (ART357357)
10. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
διώκω
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Amelia E. White, 1941; Accession Number 41.83. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Information on this papyrus can be found at: http://papyri.info/ddbdp/p.sorb;3;112. License information can be located at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
3. Figure 3. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1918; Accession number 18.108. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. C. G. Boerner Gift, 2008; Accession number 2008.385. Open access courtesy The Met.
6. Figure 6. The Museum of Natural History/Bedestolen, Denmark. Wikicommons. In Public Domain.
7. Figure 7. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART56470)
8. Figure 8. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY USA. Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917; Accession number 17.190.130. Open access courtesy The Met.
δόξα
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1910; Accession Number 10.210.18. Open access courtesy the MET.
2. Figure 2. Cortile delle Corazze, Vatican Museums/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART45685)
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, USA. Gift of Raymond Pitcairn, 1965; Accession Number 65.268. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. National Archaeological Museum/Athens, Greece. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, NY. (ART404619)
δοῦλος
1. Figure 1. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Acquisition number 86.AA.701 Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
2. Figure 2. Yale University Art Museum, Numismatics Collection. 2001.87.5707
3. Figure 3. Arch of Septimus Severus, Roman Forum/Rome, Italy. Album/Art Resource, NY. (ALB1472872)
4. Figure 4. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART69088)
5. Figure 5. National Archaeological Museum/Athens, Greece. Photo by Nimatallah/Art Resource, NY. (ART25449)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
7. Image 2. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Acquisition number 96.AA.40. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
8. Image 3. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Acquisition number 96.AM.57. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
9. Image 4. The British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo by The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART193274)
δύναμις
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Date: 1893–94, cast 1894 or after Credit Line: Gift of Lincoln Kirstein, 1985 Accession Number: 1985.353
2. Figure 2. Art Institute of Chicago/Chicago, Illinois. Gift of Alfred E. Hamill. (1928.257)
3. Figure 3. Archaeological Museum of Piraeus, Greece; photo by Sites & Photos/Art Resource, New York. Reference:ART370833
4. Figure 4. Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Head of Faustina I is displayed on obverse of coin. Gift of Ben Lee Damsky. Open access courtesy Yale University. 2018.65.8
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Catharine Lorillard Wolfe Collection, Wolfe Fund, 1931 Accession Number:31.45
6. Figure 6. Object Details Artist:School of Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn) (Dutch, Leiden 1606–1669 Amsterdam) Date:1606–69 Medium:Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, with indications of black chalk. Dimensions:sheet: 10 1/4 x 7 7/8 in. (26 x 20 cm) Classification:Drawings Credit Line:Rogers Fund, 1907 Accession Number:07.282.5
7. Figure 7. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) The Sistine Chapel; ceiling frescos after restoration. The creation of Adam. Location:Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Vatican StatePhoto Credit:Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY Image Reference:ART214646
8. Figure 8. Musei Vaticani, Vatican City; Part of the Vatican Museum's collection. Photo Credit:HIP / Art Resource, NY Image Reference:AR9162729
9. Figure 9. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Credit Line:Purchase, Mrs. Carl L. Selden Gift, in memory of Carl L. Selden, 1989 Accession Number:1989.94
10. Figure 10. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, Italy; photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York. ART20261
11. Figure 11. San Pietro in Vaticano, Musei Vaticani, Vatican City. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York. (AR9162729)
12. Figure 12. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York; Rogers Fund, 1914. "And the Angel Which I Saw Lifted Up his Hand to Heaven" from Revelation, chapter 10. Open access courtesy The Met. (14.81.1)
13. Figure 13. Sopocani Monastery/Stari Ras, Serbia. Sopocani Monastery/Stari Ras, Serbia. Photo by Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, New York. (ART191069)
ἐγώ εἰμι
1. Figure 1. Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte/Naples, Italy. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY. (ART333891)
2. Figure 2. Musei Capitolini/Rome, Italy. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, NY. (ART324534)
3. Figure 3. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Felix M. Warburg and his family, 1941; Accession Number 41.1.43. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Figure 5. Church of the Multiplication/Tabgah, Israel. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART25943)
6. Figure 6. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART60985)
ἐλεημοσύνη
1. Figure 1. Arch of Constantine/Rome, Italy. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, NY. (ART383455)
2. Figure 2. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo courtesy Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART150382)
3. Figure 3. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART349518)
4. Figure 4. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART20261)
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchase, Mrs. Carl L. Selden Gift, in memory of Carl L. Selden, 1989; Accession number 1989.94. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἔλεος
1. Figure 1. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Daniel Ergmann Gift, 2014; Accession number 2014.127. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1956; Accession Number 56.171.38. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Museo Archeologico Nazionale/Naples, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART173915)
5. Figure 5. Catacombe dei Santi Marcellino e Pietro/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART111833)
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1911; Accession number 11.85. Open access courtesy The Met.
7. Figure 7. Sopoćani Monastery/(outskirts of Stari Ras), Serbia. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART68538)
8. Figure 8. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1920; Accession Number 20.187. Open access courtesy The Met.
9. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Source: CoinArchives.org; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Denarius_P._Sepullius_Macer_Clementiae_Caesaris.jpg. In Public Domain.
10. Image 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Mrs. Lawrence Kip, 1899; Accession Number 99.9a, b. Open access courtesy The Met.
11. Image 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Mrs. Lawrence Kip, 1899; Accession Number 99.9c. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἐπικαλέω
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls, 1997; Accession number: 1997.145.3. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. From Yale-French excavations at Dura-Europos; Accession Number 1933.292. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. Museo Pio Clementino, Museo Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART74296)
4. Figure 4. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART94234)
5. Figure 5. Catacombe de Priscilla/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART56932)
6. Figure 6. Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART74955)
7. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART303518)
ἐπιούσιος
1. Figure 1. The MET, NYC, Date: ca. 50–40 B.C. Culture: Roman Medium: Fresco Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1903 Accession Number: 03.14.2
2. Figure 2. Description English: This is a mosaic from Johannisstraße, Trier dating to the early third century AD, showing the Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Anaximander of Miletus holding a sundial. Date Early third century AD Source http://isaw.nyu.edu/exhibitions/time-cosmos/objects/roman-mosaic-anaximander Author ancient Roman mosaic artist from the early third century AD
3. Figure 3. Details Basket with bread between two fish. Mosaic from the ancient church of the Multiplication of the Loaves in Tabgah, northern shore of Lake Genezareth, Israel. 6th CE. Location: Church of the Multiplication, Tabgah, Israel Photo Credit: Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY Image Reference: ART25943
4. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Fresco showing a piece of bread and two figs, from Pompeii, Naples National Archaeological Museum (14843173354).jpg
ἐπιστρέφω
1. Figure 1. The British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo © The British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART182208)
2. Figure 2. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. (I-10020).
3. Figure 3. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9451716)
4. Figure 4. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART80873)
5. Figure 5. Mausoleo di Galla Placidia/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART172833)
ἔργον
1. Figure 1. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY. (ART39384)
2. Figure 2. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. The J. Paul Getty Museum/Los Angeles, California, USA. Accession Number: 91.GB.4. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
4. Figure 4. Church of the Holy Cross of Ejica/Seville, Spain. Photo from Album/Art Resource, NY. (orz080394)
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Catharine Lorillard Wolfe Collection, Wolfe Fund, 1931; Accession Number 31.45. Open access courtesy of The Met.
6. Figure 6. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Vatican Museum Archive Photo Number 161. Musei Vaticani/HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9162729)
7. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1913; Accession Number 13.60. Open access courtesy of The Met.
8. Image 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1964; Accession Number 64.26a, b. Open access courtesy The Met.
9. Image 3. Ruins of Qumran, Israel. Photo by Berthold Werner. In public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palestine_Qumran_BW_5.jpg
10. Image 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1950; Accession Number 50.5.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἔρημος
1. Figure 1. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy. Scala/Ministero per i Beni e le Attività culturali/Art Resource, NY. (ART468667)
2. Figure 2. Yale University Art Gallery, Numismatics Collection/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Gift of Mary Hyde Ottaway; Acquisition Number 17.11g. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. Israel Museum/Jerusalem, Israel. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART64997)
4. Figure 4. Photo Credit:Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NYImage Reference:ART203419
ἔσοπτρον
1. Figure 1. Palazzo Barbarini, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica/Rome, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART181757)
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1925; Accession Number 25.78.44a-d. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1912; Accession Number 12.229.19. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Hervé Lewandowski, © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. (ART302168)
5. Figure 5. Terme di Diocleziano, Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. In public domain.
6. Figure 6. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Mueso Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo service Electa Mondadori/Art Resource, NY. (ART365328)
7. Figure 7. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1926; Accession Number 26.2.18. Open access courtesy The Met.
8. Figure 8. Logge, Vatican Palace, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART14803)
9. Figure 9. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, CA, USA. J. Paul Getty Museum/HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9135415)
10. Figure 10. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Christian Larrieui, © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. (ART378907)
11. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of the family of Thomas A. Spears, in his memory, 2011; Accession Number 2011.582. Open access courtesy The Met.
12. Image 2. Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Palace, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART157)
13. Image 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchased, 1896; Accession Number 96.18.29. Open access courtesy The Met.
14. Image 4. Villa of the Mysteries/Pompeii, Italy. Photo by Scala, Luciano Romano/Art Resources, NY. (ART496480)
εὐαγγέλιον
1. Figure 1. :© Musée du Louvre, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / (name of photographer) / Art Resource, NY Image reference:ART577742
2. Figure 2. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Herve Lewandowski; © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. (ART391629)
3. Figure 3. Pergamonmuseum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo (2003) by Richard M. Harley.
4. Figure 4. Castello Sforzesco/Milan, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART186711)
5. Figure 5. Musée de l’Arles Antique/Arles, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART125904)
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Accession Number:17.190.38
7. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART3320)
εὐεργεσία
1. Figure 1. Arch of Constantine/Rome, Italy. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY. (ART157286)
2. Figure 2. The MET, New York USA. Title: Fragmentary marble inscription Period: Early Imperial, Julio-Claudian Date: mid-1st century A.D. Culture: Roman, Cypriot Credit Line: The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76 Accession Number: 74.51.2396
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1942; Accession Number 42.11.30. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Museo dell’Ara Pacis/Rome, Italy. Photo by Nimatallah/Art Resource, NY. (ART17895)
5. Figure 5. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART173915)
6. Figure 6. Catacombe dei Santi Marcellino e Pietro/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART111833)
7. Figure 7. MET, New York, USA. Date:1000–1050 Geography:Made in Benevento (perhaps) Medium:Ivory Credit Line:Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Accession Number:17.190.38
8. Figure 8. Corinth, Italy. Photo (2010) by Richard M. Harley. In public domain.
9. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Victoria and Albert Museum/London, United Kingdom. V&A Images, London/Art Resource, NY. (ART141198)
10. Image 2. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/ Malibu, California. Acquisition number 76.AA.30. Image courtesy of Getty's Open Content Program.
11. Image 3. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/ Malibu, California. Acquisition number 76.AA.30. Image courtesy of Getty's Open Content Program.
12. Image 4. Rheinisches Landesmuseum/Trier, Germany. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART19804)
13. Image 5. Museo dell’Ara Pacis/Rome, Italy. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
14. Image 6. Museo dell’Ara Pacis/Rome, Italy. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
εὐσέβεια
1. Figure 1. Pompeii, Italy. Photo by HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9125651)
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Joseph W. Drexel, 1889; Accession number 89.2.652. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Edward Pearce Casey Fund, 2005; Accession Number 2005.120. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. The Pierpont Morgan Library/New York, NY, USA. Inv. RvR 143 (B.91). Art Resource, NY. (ART134444)
5. Figure 5. Museo Nazionale Paleocristiano, /Aquileia, Italy. Photo by Cameraphoto Arte, Venice/Art Resource, NY. (ART178179)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1924; Accession Number 24.97.28. Open access courtesy The Met.
7. Image 2. Virgil's Tomb/Naples, Italy. Photo © 2003 Richard M. Harley. In Public Domain.
ζῆλος
1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART141611)
2. Figure 2. National Archaeological Museum/Athens, Greece. Nimatallah/Art Resource, NY. (ART18437)
3. Figure 3. Duomo di Modena/Modena, Italy. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY. (ART335459)
4. Figure 4. Yale University Library/ New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Numismatic Collection, 2001; Accession Number 2001.87.13370. Open access courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
6. Figure 6. Yale University Library/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Numismatic Collection, 2001; Accession Number 2001.87.13369. Open access courtesy Yale University.
7. Figure 7. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART94234)
8. Figure 8. The Pierpont Morgan Library/New York, NY, USA. The Morgan Library & Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART78580)
θλῖψις
1. Figure 1. Museo Archeologico/Venice, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART96481)
2. Figure 2. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Acquisition Number 85.AE.121. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
3. Figure 3. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen/Munich, Germany. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, NY. (ART382970)
4. Figure 4. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART69526)
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA. Rogers Fund and Director's Discretionary Fund, 1980; Accession Number 1980.322. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἰδιώτης
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of A/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1943; Accession number 43.11.3. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. The Rogers Fund, 1914; Accession number 14.130.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Catacombe di Via Latina/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART49638)
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Bequest of Michael Dreicer, 1921; Accession number 22.60.11. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift in memory of Carl L. Selden, 1989; Accession number 1989.94. Open access courtesy The Met.
ἱερόν
1. Figure 1. Parthenon, Athens Greece. Photo taken in 1978. Author Steve Swayne Wikimedia commons Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.
2. Figure 2. : Delphi Theatre Date August 05 Source Own work Author Gregor Schöffl The copyright holder of this work allows anyone to use it for any purpose including unrestricted redistribution, commercial use, and modification.
3. Figure 3. Model of the Jerusalem Photo: Daniel BlattPhoto Credit:bpk Bildagentur / (name of museum) /(name of photographer) / Art Resource, NYImage Reference:ART345854
4. Figure 4. Museo della Civilta Romana/Rome, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART171628)
5. Figure 5. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
6. Figure 6. Kunsthalle/Hamburg, Germany. Photo by Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART182556)
7. Figure 7. MET, New York, USA. Rogers Fund, 1918 Accession Number:18.145.1a, b
8. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
9. Image 2. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
10. Image 3. Image © Contexticon Learning & Research, 2007; Design by Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Plan courtesy of Leen Ritmeyer.
11. Image 4. Image © Contexticon Learning & Research, 2007; Design by Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Plan courtesy of Leen Ritmeyer.
12. Image 5. © Contexticon Learning & Research, 2007; Design by Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Plan courtesy of Leen Ritmeyer.
καταργέω
1. Figure 1. Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART205462)
2. Figure 2. Biblioteca Laurenziana/Florence, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART2510)
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1914; Accession Number 14.81.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART94234)
5. Figure 5. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART151128)
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1911; Accession Number 11.85. Open access courtesy The Met.
κηρύσσω
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1925 (25.78.2) Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Museo Chiaramonti, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART359279)
3. Figure 3. Obelisk/Istanbul, Turkey. Photo by Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY. (ART134883)
4. Figure 4. Museo Arcivescovile/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART73436)
5. Figure 5. Mausoleum of Galla Placidia/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART173375)
κοινός
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1959; Accession Number 59.11.27. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART169160)
3. Figure 3. Museo dell’Ara Pacis/Rome, Italy. Photo by Nimatallah/Art Resource, NY. (ART17895)
4. Figure 4. Basilica di Santa Vitale/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART89830)
5. Figure 5. Catacombe di San Callisto/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART50285)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1906; Accession Number 06.1021.243. Open access courtesy The Met.
κοινωνία
1. Figure 1. Catacombe de San Callisto/Rome, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART50285)
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Norbert Schimmel Trust, 1989; Accession Number 1989.281.69. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART18376)
4. Figure 4. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/ Malibu, California, USA. Accession number 83.AM.389. Image courtesy of Getty's Open Content Program.
5. Figure 5. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo © by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART20261)
6. Figure 6. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART51648)
κτίσις
1. Figure 1. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART200648)
2. Figure 2. Louvre/Paris, France. Photo © des Musees Nationaux-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. (ART328249)
3. Figure 3. MET, New York, USA. Harris Brisbane Dick Fund and Fletcher Fund, 1998; Purchase, Lila Acheson Wallace Gift, Dodge Fund, and Rogers Fund, 1999 Accession Number:1998.69; 1999.99
4. Figure 4. MET, New York, USA Rogers Fund, 1907 Accession Number:07.286.76
5. Figure 5. San Pietro in Vaticano, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART54590)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Location:Braccio Nuovo, Museo Chiaramonti, Vatican MuseumsPhoto Credit:© Vanni Archive/ Art Resource, NYImage Reference:ART358806
7. Image 2. Museo Chiaramonti, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART359279)
8. Image 3. MET, New York, USA Gift of Raymond Pitcairn, 1965 Accession Number:65.268
κύριος
1. Figure 1. MET, New York, USA Purchase, Daniel Ergmann Gift, 2014 Accession Number:2014.127a, b
2. Figure 2. MET, New York, USA. Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1897 Accession Number:97.22.8
3. Figure 3. Museo del Palazzo dei Conservatori/Rome, Italy. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY. (orz052988)
4. Figure 4. Location:Braccio Nuovo, Museo Chiaramonti, Vatican Museums Photo Credit:© Vanni Archive/ Art Resource, NYImage Reference:ART358807
5. Figure 5. MET, New York, USA Johnston Fund, 1924 Accession Number:24.144.6
6. Figure 6. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART20260)
7. Figure 7. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART358873)
8. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART193274)
λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον
1. Figure 1. Western Wall of Jerusalem Temple/Jerusalem, Israel. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART76847)
2. Figure 2. Scanned images of hand-colored, black/white photos of wall paintings in Synagogue Dura Europos, Syria. Yale University Art Gallery, Dura-Europos Collection/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. Los Angeles county museum of art. CA, USA. Jean-Guillaume Moitte (France, also active Italy, Rome, 1746-1810) Purchased with funds provided by Camilla Chandler Frost (M.79.49)
μακροθυμία
1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo © RMN-Grand Palais, Art Resource, NY. (ART150161)
2. Figure 2. Sinai wilderness/Egypt. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART203419)
3. Figure 3. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Madeleine Coursaget/Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART349518)
4. Figure 4. Palazzo Santa Sofia/Venice, Italy. Photo by Cameraphoto Arte, Venice/Art Resource, NY. (ART172020)
5. Figure 5. Curia Iulia, Forum Romanum/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART80447)
6. Figure 6. Temple of Apollo/Corinth, Greece. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART371813)
7. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Museum of the Treasury, Basilica di San Pietro, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Eric Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART19393)
8. Image 2. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART374147)
μαρτυρία
1. Figure 1. Museo Ostiense/Ostia, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART74217)
2. Figure 2. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART354268)
3. Figure 3. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Acquisition Number 76.AA.30. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Catharine Lorillard Wolfe Collection, Wolfe Fund, 1931; Accession Number 31.45. In public domain. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
5. Figure 5. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
6. Figure 6. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing, Art Resource, NY. (ART172805)
7. Figure 7. MET, New York, USA. Purchase, Mary and Michael Jaharis Gift and Lila Acheson Wallace Gift, 2007 Accession Number:2007.286
8. Figure 8. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing, Art Resource, NY. (ART172816)
9. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Kunsthistorisches Museum/Vienna, Austria. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART130082)
μεριμνάω
1. Figure 1. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy; photo Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York; ART20611
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York; Gift of Jacob Bean, 1971. Accession number: 1971.114
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York; gift of Patricia and Marietta Fried, 2016. Accession number: 2016.253
4. Figure 4. Yale University Art Gallery, Yale University/New Haven, Connecticut.
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York; gift of C. G. Boerner, 2008. Accession number: 2008.385
6. Figure 6. This work, as published in North Macedonia, is in the public domain.
7. Figure 7. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New Your; Fletcher Fund, 1950. Accession number:50.5.1
8. Figure 8. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York; Rogers Fund, 1915. Accession number: 15.168
9. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. ©Capitoline Museums, from wikipedia for non-cover art use only.
μετάνοια
1. Figure 1. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, NY. (ART372326)
2. Figure 2. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART20611)
3. Figure 3. The J. Pierpont Morgan Library & Museum/New York, NY, USA. Art Resource, NY. (ART134444)
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. The Cloisters Collection, 1977; Accession Number 1977.421. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Figure 5. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART94234)
6. Figure 6. Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART19402)
μισέω
1. Figure 1. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum /Art Resource, New York. Image reference: ART354268
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York; gift of Daniel Ergmann, 2014. Accession number: 2014.127a, b
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, Rogers Fund, 1911. Accession number: 11.140.8
4. Figure 4. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access, courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. Catacomb of SS. Marcellino e Pietro, Rome, Italy; photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, New York. Image reference: ART111833
6. Figure 6. Brooklyn Museum/New York. Work is in the public domain.
7. Figure 7. Title: Miniature Relief of a Saint Luke at His Writing Table Date: 1200–1225 Geography: Made in Saxony, Germany Culture: German Credit Line: Bequest of George Blumenthal, 1941 Accession Number: 41.190.237
8. Figure 8. Title: Plaque with Saint John the Evangelist Date: early 9th century Geography: Made in Aachen, Germany Culture: Carolingian Credit Line: The Cloisters Collection, 1977 Accession Number: 1977.421
9. Figure 9. Artist/Maker: Correggio (Antonio Allegri) (Italian, about 1489 - 1534) Culture: Italian Place: Italy (Place Created) Date: about 1523 Medium: Red chalk Object Number: 91.GB.4
μονογενής
1. Figure 1. Title: Gold Glass Medallion with a Mother and Child Date: early 4th century Geography: Made in probably Alexandria, Egypt Culture: Roman Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Accession Number: 17.190.109a
2. Figure 2. Title: Cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale Date: ca. 50–40 BCE Culture: Roman Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1903 Accession Number: 03.14.13a–g
3. Figure 3. Title: Marble funerary altar Period: Early Imperial, Julio-Claudian Date: 1st half of 1st century CE Culture: Roman Credit Line: Gift of Lewis, Elaine, Jacob, Rachel, Ezra, and Joseph Dubroff, in celebration of the Museum’s 150th Anniversary, 2018 Accession Number: 2018.838
4. Figure 4. Title: Wall painting fragment from the peristyle of the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale Period: Late Republican Date: ca. 50–40 BCE Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1903 Accession Number: 03.14.1
5. Figure 5. Dura Europos synagogue 244–255 CE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dura_Europos_fresco_Moses_from_river.jpg
6. Figure 6. Title: Marble sarcophagus with flying erotes holding a clipeus portrait Period: Severan Date: ca. 190–200 CE Culture: Roman Credit Line: Gift of Joseph V. Noble, 1956 Accession Number: 56.145
7. Figure 7. Dura-Europos synagogue circa 245 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dura_Synagogue_ciborium.jpg
8. Figure 8. Title: Bowl Fragments with Menorah, Shofar, and Torah Ark Date: 300–350 Culture: Roman Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1918 Accession Number: 18.145.1
9. Figure 9. Title: Portrait of the Boy Eutyches Period: Roman Period Date: A.D. 100–150 Credit Line: Gift of Edward S. Harkness, 1918 Accession Number: 18.9.2
10. Figure 10. Title: Jaharis Byzantine Lectionary Date: ca. 1100 Geography: Made in Constantinople Culture: Byzantine Medium: Tempera, gold, and ink on parchment; leather binding Credit Line: Purchase, Mary and Michael Jaharis Gift and Lila Acheson Wallace Gift, 2007 Accession Number: 2007.286
νικάω
1. Figure 1. Terracotta plaque with Pelops and Hippodamia The MET NYC Date: 27 B.C.–A.D. 68 Culture: Roman Medium: Terracotta Credit Line: Fletcher Fund, 1926 Accession Number: 26.60.32
2. Figure 2. Description Cleitor, Relief with portrait of Polybius (cast) Details Cast of a now lost original of a portrait of Polybius Museum Rome, Museo nazionale della civiltà romana Licence CC0 1.0 Universal
3. Figure 3. The MET NYC Title: Terracotta neck-amphora (jar) of Panathenaic shape Artist: Attributed to the Antimenes Painter Period: Archaic Date: ca. 520 B.C. Culture: Greek, Attic Medium: Terracotta; black-figure Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1906 Accession Number: 06.1021.51
4. Figure 4. Title: Plate with Relief Decoration Artist/Maker: Unknown Date: 500–600 Medium: Silver Dimensions: 45 × 28 cm, 2.5475 kg (17 11/16 × 11 in., 5.6162 lb.) Place: Eastern Mediterranean (Place Created) Culture: Byzantine Object Number: 83.AM.342 Inscription(s): Inscription: Names of Hermes, Ptolemaios, and Skepsis in Greek. Secondary Inscription: Group of five Greek characters along the edge of the rim.
5. Figure 5. Year 100 BC to 79 AD Dimensions 86 cm × 85 cm (34 in × 33 in) Location National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Naples Accession number Inv. 124545 This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer.
6. Figure 6. The MET, NYC Title: Sarcophagus with a Greek Physician Date: early 300s Geography: Made in Ostia, Rome Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Credit Line: Gift of Mrs. Joseph Brummer and Ernest Brummer, in memory of Joseph Brummer, 1948 Accession Number: 48.76.1
7. Figure 7. The MET NYC Title: Plaque with Scenes from the Story of Joshua Date: 900–1000 Geography: Made in Constantinople Culture: Byzantine Medium: Ivory, traces of polychromy, gilding; bone (border strips) Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Accession Number: 17.190.137a-c
8. Figure 8. The MET NYC Title: Plaque with Saint John the Evangelist Date: ca. 1175–1200 Geography: Made in Rhine valley, Germany Culture: German Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Accession Number: 17.190.432
9. Figure 9. The MET NYC Title: Angel of the Revelation (Book of Revelation, chapter 10) Artist: William Blake (British, London 1757–1827 London) Date: ca. 1803–5 Medium: Watercolor, pen and black ink, brush and wash, over traces of graphite Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1914 Accession Number: 14.81.1
ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
1. Figure 1. Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART214646)
2. Figure 2. British Museum/London. Accession Number - Inv. PD 1859,0625.72. This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or less.
3. Figure 3. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART20260)
4. Figure 4. Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Vatican Museums/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART45807)
5. Figure 5. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
6. Figure 6. MET, New York, USA. Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 Accession Number:17.190.138
7. Figure 7. Kunsthistorisches Museum/Vienna, Austria. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART11423)
8. Figure 8. MET, New York, USA. Gift of Felix M. Warburg and his family, 1941 Accession Number:41.1.43
ὁμοθυμαδόν
1. Figure 1. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Accession Number 78.AA.264. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchase, Daniel Ergmann Gift, 2014; Accession Number 2014.127a, b. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART47606)
4. Figure 4. Palazzo Madama/Rome, Italy. Photo © by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART85718)
5. Figure 5. Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART74955)
ὄνομα
1. Figure 1. Ceiling Tile with Heliodoros, an Actuarius ca. A.D. 200–256 Clay with painted plaster # 1933.292 Culture: Syrian, Dura-Europos Period: Roman (3rd century A.D.) Classification: Paintings
2. Figure 2. Object Details Period:Late Classical Date:ca. 375–350 B.C. Culture:Greek, Attic Medium:Marble Dimensions:Overall: 56 x 32 x 8 in. (142.3 x 81.3 x 20.3 cm) Classification:Stone Sculpture Credit Line:Fletcher Fund, 1959 Accession Number:59.11.27
3. Figure 3. Naples National Archaeological Museum, Description Alexander Mosaic (detail), House of the Faun, Pompeii https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_and_Bucephalus_-_Battle_of_Issus_mosaic_-_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_-_Naples_BW.jpg Date circa 100 BC
4. Figure 4. Title: Terracotta plaque Period: Classical Date: ca. 460–450 B.C. Culture: Greek, Melian Medium: Terracotta Dimensions: Overall: 7 3/8 x 10 15/16in. (18.7 x 27.8cm) Classification: Terracottas Credit Line: Fletcher Fund, 1930 Accession Number: 30.11.9
5. Figure 5. Culture: Syrian, Dura-Europos Period: Roman (3rd century A.D.) Classification: Paintings
6. Figure 6. Title: Portrait of Christ Date: early 20th century (original dated late 5th–early 6th century) Culture: Byzantine Medium: Tesserae, glass in wooden frame Dimensions: Overall: 33 7/16 x 32 15/16 x 1 3/8 in. (85 x 83.7 x 3.5 cm) Classification: Reproductions-Mosaics Credit Line: Johnston Fund, 1924 Accession Number: 24.144.6
7. Figure 7. Location:S. Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, ItalyPhoto Credit:Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NYImage Reference:ART172801 Image size:4000 X 3283 px
8. Figure 8. Title: Terracotta Panathenaic prize amphora Attributed to the Euphiletos Painter Period: Archaic Date: ca. 530 B.C. Culture: Greek, Attic Medium: Terracotta; black-figure Dimensions: H. 24 1/2 in. (62.2 cm) Classification: Vases Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1914 Accession Number: 14.130.12
9. Figure 9. Object Details Date:early 9th century Geography:Made in Aachen, Germany Culture:Carolingian Medium:Elephant ivory Dimensions:Overall: 7 3/16 x 3 11/16 x 1/4 in. (18.3 x 9.4 x 0.7 cm) Classification:Ivories Credit Line:The Cloisters Collection, 1977 Accession Number:1977.421
10. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Naples National Archaeological Museum, Plato's Academy, Pompeii
ὀρφανός
1. Figure 1. Place:Roman Empire (Place Created) Date:A.D. 25–50 Medium:Bronze, copper inlay Object Number:72.AC.99
2. Figure 2. Period: Early Imperial, Julio-Claudian Date: ca. A.D. 14–37 Culture: Roman Medium: Marble Dimensions: 11in. (27.9cm) Classification: Stone Sculpture Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1908 Accession Number: 08.258.47
3. Figure 3. Title: Bronze statue of a camillus (acolyte) Period: Early Imperial, Julio-Claudian Date: ca. A.D. 14–54 Culture: Roman Medium: Bronze Dimensions: H. 46 1/8 in. (117.1 cm) Classification: Bronzes Credit Line: Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1897 Accession Number: 97.22.25
4. Figure 4. Yale Art Museum Location: Dura Europos, Syria
5. Figure 5. Geography: Made in Crete ? Culture: Byzantine Medium: Tempera and gold on wood Classification: Paintings-Icons Credit Line: Purchase, Mary and Michael Jaharis Gift, 2013 Accession Number: 2013.980a–d
οὐαί
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Darius O. Mills, 1906; Accession Number 06.144-detail. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. MET, New York, USA Mr. and Mrs. Isaac D. Fletcher Collection, Bequest of Isaac D. Fletcher, 1917 Accession Number:17.120.5
παράκλησις
1. Figure 1. Musee des Beaux-Arts/Toulouse, France. Universal Images Group/Art Resource, NY. (ART458651)
2. Figure 2. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo/Florence, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART144773)
3. Figure 3. JT Vintage/Art Resource, NY. (ART498793)
4. Figure 4. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. (ART156031)
5. Figure 5. The Jewish Museum/New York, NY, USA. Gift of heirs of Jacob Schiff, Accession Number X1952-123. Photo by John Parnell/Art Resource, NY. (ART326822)
6. Figure 6. Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Jörg P. Anders/Art Resource, NY. (ART365473)
7. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Sackler Library, University of Oxford/Oxford, United Kingdom. Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Volume XXXIV (2725); Egypt Exploration Society/London. Courtesy of the Egypt Exploration Society and the University of Oxford Imaging Papyri Project. (Please see www.ees.ac.uk/reproduction-requests-and-fees for image usage information.)
παροξύνω
1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by R.G. Ojeda, © des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART168776)
2. Figure 2. Palazzo Madama/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART85718)
3. Figure 3. Archaeological Museum of Piraeus/Piraeus, Greece. Photo by Art Resource, NY. (ART370833)
4. Figure 4. Gemaeldegalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Jörg P. Anders/Art Resource, NY. (ART568538)
5. Figure 5. Sistine Chapel, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART45840)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1950; Accession Number 50.5.1. Open source courtesy The Met.
παρρησία
1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART27759)
2. Figure 2. Treasury of Palace/Persepolis, Iran. Photo by SEF/Art Resource, NY. (ART50212)
3. Figure 3. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART20611)
4. Figure 4. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitian Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. The Bequest of Michael Dreicer, 1921; Accession Number 22.60.11. Open access courtesy The Met.
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. The Cloisters Collection, 1977; Accession Number 1977.421. Open access courtesy The Met.
7. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. (ART168776)
8. Image 2. Basilica di Santa Vitale/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART89830)
9. Image 3. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART94234)
περπερεύομαι
1. Figure 1. Palazzo Madama/Rome, Italy. Photo by © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART85718)
2. Figure 2. Roman theater/Sabratha, Libya. Photo © Gilles Mermet/Art Resource, NY. (ART318183)
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1914; Accession Number 14.130.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Gerard Blot/Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART147720)
5. Figure 5. Museo Nazionale del Bargello/Florence, Italy. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY. (ART333582)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Museo Chiaramonti, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo © Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART359279)
7. Image 2. Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, Oxford University/Oxford, United Kingdom. Ashmolean Museum/HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9452434)
πίστις
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1959; accession number: 59.11.27
2. Figure 2. Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University. Promised gift of Ben Lee Damsky ILE2013.17.178
3. Figure 3. The J. Paul Getty Museum/Los Angeles, California, USA. Object number: 78.AA.264
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1917; accession number: 17.230.10
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1927; accession number: 27.2.5
6. Figure 6. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
7. Figure 7. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
8. Figure 8. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.
9. Figure 9. Catacomb of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter about three kilometers from Rome.
10. Figure 10. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1916. Open access courtesy the Met. Accession number: 16.174.3
11. Figure 11. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston/Texas, USA; accession number: BF.1991.4
12. Figure 12. The J. Paul Getty Museum/Los Angeles, California, USA. Object number: 94.GA.80
13. Figure 13. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Part of Cloisters Collection, Rogers and Harris Brisbane Dick Funds and Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1991. Open access courtesy The Met. Accession Number: 1991.232.15
14. Figure 14. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917; accession Number: 17.190.770
15. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
16. Image 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Joseph H. Durkee, 1899. Open access courtesy The Met. Accession number: 99.35.154
πληρόω
1. Figure 1. Museo Arcivescovile/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART78683)
2. Figure 2. Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, Musei Vaticani/ Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART39411)
3. Figure 3. Gabinetto dei Disegni e delle Stampe, Galleria degli Uffizi/Florence, Italy. Scala/Ministero per I Beni e le Attività Culturali/Art Resource, NY. (ART345144)
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. The Cloisters Collection, 1949; Accession Number 49.69.9. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1916; Accession Number 16.174.3. Open access courtesy The Met.
6. Figure 6. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana/Florence, Italy. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY. (ART314023)
πνεῦμα
1. Figure 1. Tower of the Winds, Roman Agora/Athens, Greece. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART371673)
2. Figure 2. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART180889)
3. Figure 3. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART100189)
4. Figure 4. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. Battistero degli Ariani/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART49493)
6. Figure 6. Sopoćani Monastery/outskirts of Stari Ras, Serbia. Photo by Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART191069)
7. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART45840)
πραΰτης
1. Figure 1. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Accession Number 78.AA.59. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Daniel Ergmann Gift, 2014; Photo by Hyla Skopitz, Photograph Studio; Accession Number 2014.127a, b. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte/Naples, Italy. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY. (ART333891)
4. Figure 4. Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. bpk Bildagentur/Joerg P. Anders/Art Resource, NY. (ART389873)
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917; Accession number 17.190.50. Open access courtesy The Met.
6. Figure 6. Archbishop's Palace/Ravenna, Italy. Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART153508)
7. Figure 7. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART133517)
8. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Roman theater/Sabratha, Libya. Photo by Gilles Mermet/Art Resource, NY. (ART318183).
9. Image 2. Caves in Qumran, West Bank, Israel. Photo by Grauesel. https://commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/File:Qumran_Caves_WV.JPG.
πρεσβύτερος
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1910; Accession Number 10.231.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Scanned images of hand-colored, black/white photos of wall paintings in Synagogue Dura Europos, Syria. Yale University Art Gallery, Dura-Europos Collection/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
3. Figure 3. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART28113)
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1950; Accession Number 50.5.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
προγινώσκω
1. Figure 1. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. (ART180889)
2. Figure 2. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. bpk Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Juergen Liepe/Art Resource, NY. (ART190488)
3. Figure 3. The Art Institute of Chicago/Chicago, Illinois, USA. Gift of William F. Dunham; Reference Number 1922.5377. Open access courtesy Art Institute of Chicago.
4. Figure 4. Sistine Chapel, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART214636)
5. Figure 5. Museum of the Treasury, Basilica di San Pietro, Musei Vaticano/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART146088)
προσήλυτος
1. Figure 1. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection. Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Charles K. and Irma B. Wilkinson, 1977; Accession Number 1977.683.61. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Archaeological Museum/Split, Croatia. Bildarchiv Preussischer/Alfredo Dagli Orti/Art Resource, NY. (ART190755)
4. Figure 4. Qumran, Israel. Photo © Berthold Werner. In public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palestine_Qumran_BW_5.jpg
5. Figure 5. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum/Jerusalem, Israel. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART204244)
6. Figure 6. Bildarchiv Preussischer Kalturbesitz, Bildagentur/Built by Michael Avi-Jonah/Daniel Blatt/Art Resource, NY. (ART345854)
7. Figure 7. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Victor Sordan, 1980; Accession Number 1980.515. Open access courtesy The Met.
8. Figure 8. Cyprus, Italy. Photo © by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART200087)
προφήτης
1. Figure 1. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo/Florence, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART474184)
2. Figure 2. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Bpk Bildagentur/Antikensammlung, Staatliche/Ingrid Geske/Art Resource, NY. (ART464929)
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York City, NY. Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1897; Accession Number 97.22.24. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Scanned image of hand-colored, black and white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
5. Figure 5. Jordan Archaeological Museum/Amman, Jordan. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART181764)
6. Figure 6. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1964; Accession Number 64.26a, b. Open access courtesy The Met.
7. Figure 7. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness Fund, 1922; Accession Number 22.31.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
8. Figure 8. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART172801)
9. Figure 9. Battistero degli Ariani/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART49493)
10. Figure 10. Church of the Multiplication, Tabgah, Israel. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART25943)
πτωχός
1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Art Resource, NY. (ART150382).
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1930; Accession Number 30.11.9. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Musée des Beaux-Arts/Valenciennes, France. RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. (ART328248)
4. Figure 4. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1937; Accession Number 37.3.13. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Figure 5. Monastery Church/Hosios Loukas, Greece. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART91153)
6. Figure 6. Basilica di Sant' Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Alfredo Dagli Orti/Art Resource, NY. (ART483614)
7. Figure 7. Riverside Church/New York, NY, USA. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
8. Figure 8. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Image © Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART301087)
9. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Joseph H. Durkee, 1899; Accession number 99.35.154. Open access courtesy The Met.
10. Image 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1909; Accession Number 09.181.7. Open access courtesy The Met.
11. Image 3. Terme di Diocleziano, Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART62253)
12. Image 4. Bode Museum (Skulpturensammlung und Museum für Byzantinische Kunst), Staatlich Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9126463)
Σαδδουκαῖος
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1918; Accession Number 18.145.1a, b. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Bildarchiv Preussischer Kalturbesitz. Photo © by Daniel Blatt/Art Resources, NY. (ART345854)
3. Figure 3. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART172803)
4. Figure 4. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART327992)
5. Figure 5. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART28113)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
7. Image 2. Reifenberg Collection, Israel Museum/Jerusalem, Israel. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART59943)
σημεῖον
1. Figure 1. Catacombe dei Santi Marcellino e Pietro/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART128987)
2. Figure 2. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART60985)
3. Figure 3. Catacombe dei Santi Marcellino e Pietro/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART48841)
4. Figure 4. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART172801)
5. Figure 5. Musée de l’Arles Antique/Arles, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART125904)
6. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
συνέδριον
1. Figure 1. Photo: Hervé Lewandowski. Location:Musée du Louvre, Paris, France Photo Credit:© RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY Image Reference:ART150693
2. Figure 2. Basilica di Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo/Ravenna, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART172805)
3. Figure 3. MET, New York, USA Artist:Charles-Théodore Frère (French, Paris 1814–1888 Paris) Date:by 1880 Medium:Oil on canvas Credit Line:Catharine Lorillard Wolfe Collection, Bequest of Catharine Lorillard Wolfe, 1887 Accession Number:87.15.106
τέλειος
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1903; Accession Number 03.14.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. Location:Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, ItalyPhoto Credit:Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NYImage Reference:ART20611
3. Figure 3. Scanned image of hand-colored black-and-white photo; Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Open access courtesy Yale University.
4. Figure 4. Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Trier, Germany; photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York. Image reference: ART13962
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, USA; gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917. Open access, courtesy The Met. Accession number: 17.190.38
6. Figure 6. (1886-96) by James Tissot from the series The Life of Christ, Brooklyn Museum
7. Figure 7. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, USA; Rogers Fund, 1918; open access, courtesy The Met. Accession number: 18.145.2
8. Figure 8. Yale-French Excavations at Dura-Europos 1932.1201c Culture: Syrian, Dura-Europos Period:Roman (3rd century A.D.)
9. Figure 9. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, USA; Rogers Fund, 1912. Accession number:12.229.19
10. Figure 10. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York; gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917, accession number: 17.190.130
τέλος
1. Figure 1. Roman milestone in valley of Pusteria, near Brunico, Italy. Photo by SEF/Art Resource, NY. (ART75303)
2. Figure 2. Museo dell’Ara Pacis/Rome, Italy. Photo by Richard M. Harley. In public domain.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Harry G. Sperling Fund, 1980; Accession Number 1980.20.3. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Sistine Chapel, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Vatican Museum Archive. Photo © Vatican Museums/Art Resource, NY. (ART45807)
5. Figure 5. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA, Rogers Fund, 1914; Accession Number 14.81.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
6. Figure 6. MET, New York, USA Fletcher Fund, 1950 Accession Number:50.5.1
7. Figure 7. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo © by The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART306854)
8. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Sistine Chapel, Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photos by Eric Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (In clockwise order: top left ART214643; top right ART214647; bottom right ART193700; and bottom left ART214640).
9. Image 2. Museo della Civilta Romana/Rome, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART73831)
ὑπηρέτης
1. Figure 1. Museo Ostiense/Ostia, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART74217)
2. Figure 2. The Art Institute of Chicago/Chicago, Illinois, USA. James W. and Marilynn Alsdorf Collection; Accession Number 1980.809. Open access courtesy The Art Institute of Chicago.
3. Figure 3. The J. Paul Getty Museum/Los Angeles, California, USA. Accession Number 91.GB.4. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
4. Figure 4. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART358873)
5. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Φαρισαῖος
1. Figure 1. Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Victor Sordan, 1980; Accession Number 1980.515. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1916; Accession Number 16.174.3. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Scala/Ministero per I Beni e le Attivitá culturali. Photo © Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART20611)
4. Figure 4. Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Gift of Victor Sordan, 1980; Accession Number 1980.515. Open access courtesy The Met.
5. Figure 5. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Gérard Blot, Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART327992)
6. Figure 6. Synagogue/Chorazin, Israel. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART25691)
7. Figure 7. Private collection. Photo © by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART211056)
8. Figure 8. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo/Florence, Italy. Photo by Nocolo Orsi Battaglini/Art Resource, NY. (ART123541)
9. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
φυσιόω
1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART205471)
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1924; Accession Number 24.97.28. Open access courtesy of The Met.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913; Accession Number 14.40.676. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. (ART328248)
5. Figure 5. Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART214651)
6. Figure 6. Temple of Apollo/Corinth, Greece. Photo © 2010 Richard M. Harley. In public domain.
7. Figure 7. Lady of the Assumption/Trieste, Italy. Photo by A. Dagli Orti © DeA Picture Library/Art Resource, NY. (ART378043)
8. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz; Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Johannes Laurentius/Art Resource, NY. (ART398271)
χρηστός
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Fletcher Fund, 1927; Accession Number 27.45. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Daniel Ergmann Gift, 2014; Accession Number 2014.127a, b. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Spotlights
  
  Image 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York NY, USA. Gift of Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1964; Accession Number 64.26a, b. Open access courtesy The Met.
ὠδίν
1. Figure 1. Museo Ostiense degli Scavi di Ostia Antica/Ostia (Rome), Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART47894)
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1914; Accession Number 14.81.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. MET, New York, USA Fletcher Fund, 1929 Accession Number:29.54
ὡραῖος
1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1903; Accession Number 03.14.1. Open access courtesy The Met.
2. Figure 2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1938; Accession Number 38.11.12. Open access courtesy The Met.
3. Figure 3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Purchase, Mrs. Carl L. Selden Gift, in memory of Carl L. Selden, 1989; Accession Number 1989.94. Open access courtesy The Met.
4. Figure 4. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo credit © The Trustees of The British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART181483)

Homepage Artwork

Images
1. Figure 1. Sanctuary of Athena near entrance to the renowned shrine of Apollo at Delphi. Built in the 4th century BCE, probably on a sacred site that predated Delphi itself, the sanctuary was still active throughout the New Testament period. The exact function of this circular structure in ancient worship is uncertain. (Photo from BiblePlaces.com)
2. Figure 2. Inside an elaborately decorated home of Pompeii: atrium of the House of the Vettii and the peristyle and garden beyond it. In the first century CE, two wealthy freedmen known as the Vettii brothers, possibly wine merchants, purchased this building, probably after a damaging earthquake in 62 CE, overseeing its reconstruction and refined decoration. (Photo by Richard M. Harley)
3. Figure 3. Fallen external walls at the Roman Forum reveal a honeycomb of internal chambers. These remains were part of the temples of Vesta (left) and of Castor and Pollux (right), built along the eastern slope of the Palatine Hill where Augustus and subsequent emperors built their homes. In the background lie the remains of the Domus Tiberiana, a monumental imperial residence, and buildings and shops along the via Nova. (Photo by Richard M. Harley)
4. Figure 4. Shore of the Sea of Galilee, at the site of ancient Gergasa (modern Kursi), looking east toward Magdala on the western side. Gergasa is a possible location where Jesus healed the demoniac who identified his torments with the Roman military name, “Legion.” (Photo from BiblePlaces.com)
Calligraphy
1. The calligraphic representation of New Testament phrases is modeled after the handwriting of an Egyptian scribe who, in the late 2nd or early 3rd century, copied epistles attributed to Paul. The work of this scribe is found in the ancient manuscript known as P46. It is the oldest surviving document containing Pauline writings. Most modern scholars believe that three of the epistles included in P46 were composed by authors other than Paul – Hebrews, Ephesians, and Colossians – although early Christian circles in Egypt attributed these writings to Paul himself. The P46 scribe wrote on leaves of papyrus compiled in the book-like “codex” format. (Calligrapher: Maryanne Grebenstein, Abbey Studio)

Introductory Pages Artwork

About This Project. Footpath mosaic in Herculaneum. (Photo by Richard. M Harley)
The Theory. View showing portion of Palatine Hill overlooking Roman Forum. (Photo by Richard M. Harley)
User Guides - For Educators. Floor mosaic depicting the Academy of Plato, Pompeii. (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, Naples, Italy; photo by Richard M. Harley)

Reference Material Illustrations

Authors & Thinkers
1. Aristotle
  1. Figure 1. Kunsthistorisches Museum/Vienna, Austria. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART130082)
2. Demosthenes
  1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art; Accession Number L.2007.33.9.
3. Diogenes the Cynic
  1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France (I-MR2776). Photo by Art Resorce.
4. Epicurus
  1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Rogers Fund, 1911; Accession Number 11.90.
5. Herodotus
  1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum
6. Hesiod
  1. Figure 1. Musei Capitolini/Rome, Italy. Photo by Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART326541)
7. Homer
  1. Figure 1. The British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Photo © The Trustees of The British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART326541)
8. Menander
  1. Figure 1. Dura-Europos Collection, Yale University Art Gallery/New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
9. Plato
  1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART13995)
10. Socrates
  1. Figure 1. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Accession Number I-1236. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
11. Strabo
  1. Spotlights
    
    Image 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, MA.
Definitions
1. Isis
  1. Figure 1. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART81293)
  2. Figure 2. Musei Capitolini/Rome, Italy. Photo © by Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART324534)
General Articles
1. Why the Locals Worshiped Them
  1. Figure 1. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Accession Number 76.AA.30. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
  2. Figure 2. Aphrodisias Museum/Geyre, Turkey. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  3. Figure 3. Bergama (ancient Pergamon) Museum/Bergama, Turkey. Photo © and furnished by S.R.F. Price/Oxford.
  4. Figure 4. Efes, (near) Selçuk,Turkey. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  5. Figure 5. The Acropolis/Athens, Greece. Cities of Paul, CD, Fortress Press; photo by Helmut Koester.
  6. Figure 6. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme; Vatican Museums/Rome, Italy. Palazzo Massimo/HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9420610)
  7. Figure 7. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. Photo by SEF/Art Resource, NY. (ART48744)
  8. Figure 8. Staatliche Museum/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  9. Figure 9. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART69758)
  10. Spotlights
    
    Image 1. Artwork: ESDesign, Cambridge, MA, USA. Photo courtesy of NASA.
  11. Image 2. Artwork: ESDesign, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Sources: "Ephesos: Metropolis of Asia," ed. Helmut Koester (Harvard University Press, 1995); "Ephesus: The New Guide," ed. Peter Scherrer (Ege Yayinlari, 2000).
  12. Image 3. Artwork: ESDesign, Cambridge, MA. Sources: "Ephesos: Metropolis of Asia," ed. Helmut Koester (Harvard University Press, 1995); "Ephesus: The New Guide," ed. Peter Scherrer (Ege Yayinlari, 2000).
  13. Image 4. Ephesus Museum/Selçuk, Turkey. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  14. Image 5. Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo © bpk Bildagentur/Art Resource, NY. (ART184187)
  15. Image 6. National Archaeological Museums of Rome; Massimo alle Terme/Rome, Italy. Photo © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, New York, NY, USA. (ART359317)
  16. Image 7. Museo Pio Clementino, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Vatican Museum Archive Photo, © Vatican Museums (I-259) Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  17. Image 8. Ara Pacis Museum/Rome, Italy. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  18. Image 9. Efes Museum, Selçuk, Turkey. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
2. Framing the “New Age”
  1. Figure 1. British Museum/London, United Kingdom. Accession Number PD1859,0625.72. Photo © British Museum/Art Resource, NY. (ART318935)
  2. Figure 2. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo (2016) by Richard Harley.
  3. Figure 3. Painting by Jean Baptiste Joseph Wicar; Villa Carlotta/Tremezzo, Italy. Photo by Mondadori Portfolio/ Electa/Art Resources, NY. (ART401982)
  4. Figure 4. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Vatican Museum Archive Photo © Vatican Museums. Photo by Richard M. Harley
  5. Figure 5. Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Italy. Vatican Museum Archive Photo (Ptolemy Handy Tables), Photo © Vatican Museums.
  6. Figure 6. The Pierpont Morgan Library/New York, NY, USA. Art Resources, NY. (ART134446)
  7. Figure 7. Arch of Titus/Rome, Italy. Photo by Zev Radovan/Art Resource, NY. (ART539689)
  8. Figure 8. Pio Christian Gallery, Musei Vaticani/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy; Vatican Museum Archive Photo (I-28591, ex.164), © Vatican Museums. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  9. Figure 9. Musée de l’Arles antique/Arles, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART125904)
  10. Figure 10. Musée du Louvre, Paris, France. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  11. Spotlights
    
    Image 1. Naples, Italy. Photo (2003) by Richard M. Harley. In Public Domain.
  12. Image 2. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France (I-MR2028). Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  13. Image 3. Staatliche Kunstsammlungen/Weimar, Germany. Photo by Marburg/Art Resource, NY. (ART427444)
  14. Image 4. Műnzkabinett der Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Preussischer Kulturbesitz. Photo by Reinhard Saczewski.
  15. Image 5. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme; Vatican Museums/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy. Palazzo Massimo/HIP/Art Resource, NY. (AR9420610)
  16. Image 6. Zarathustra Stock Photos & Images. Photo © by 2016 Lebrecht/Lebrecht Music & Arts/Alamy Stock Photo. (Image ID# JF7FN9)
Literature Briefs
1. Dead Sea Scrolls
  1. Figure 1. Qumran, Israel caves. Photo from Wiki commons
2. Mark 13—visualizations
  1. Figure 1. Adela Yarbro Collins, Yale Divinity School/New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Photo © Richard M. Harley.
  2. Figure 2. Vernon K. Robbins, Emory University/Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Photo © Richard M. Harley.
  3. Figure 3. Duke University/Durham, South Carolina, USA. Photo © Richard M. Harley.
Rulers
1. Alexander the Great (356–323 BCE)
  1. Figure 1. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu,California, USA. Accession Number 73.AA.27. Digital image courtesy of Getty's Open Content Program.
  2. Figure 2. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli/Naples, Italy. (I-10020-detail)
2. Antiochus IV (175-164 BCE)
  1. Figure 1. Worcester Art Museum/Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. Accession Number 1999.324. Gift of Emily Townsend Vermeule and Cornelius Vermeule in memory of Francis Henry Taylor. Open access courtesy Worcester Art Museum. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
3. Caesar Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  2. Figure 2. Musei Vatican/Vatican City, Vatican State, Italy (I-2290). Photo by Richard M. Harley.
  3. Figure 3. Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne, Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo by Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART359316)
4. Caesar, Julius (49-44 BCE)
  1. Figure 1. MET, New York 14.40.676
5. Claudius (41-54 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France (I-MR131). Photo by Richard M. Harley.
6. Cleopatra VII (51–30 BCE)
  1. Figure 1. Altes Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/Berlin, Germany.
7. Constantine the Great (306-337 CE)
  1. Figure 1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/New York, NY, USA. Bequest of Mary Clark Thompson, 1923; Accession Number 26.229.
8. Gaius Caligula (37-41 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Worcester Art Museum/Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. Accession Number: Caligula 1914.23. Open access courtesy Worcester Art Museum. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
9. Marcus Aurelius (161–180 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Hervé Lewandowski; © Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY. (ART149594)
10. Nero (54-68 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Terme di Diocleziano, Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY. (ART152230)
11. Nerva (96-98 CE)
  1. Figure 1. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection/Malibu, California, USA. Accession Number 83.AA.43. Digital image courtesy of the Getty's Open Content Program.
12. Tiberius (14-37 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. (ART28124)
13. Titus (79–81 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Musée du Louvre/Paris, France. Photo by Richard M. Harley.
14. Trajan (98-117 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Cyrene Museum/near present-day Shahhat, Libya. Photo by Gilles Mermet/Art Resource, NY. (ART350054)
15. Vespasian (69–79 CE)
  1. Figure 1. Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Museo Nazionale Romano/Rome, Italy. Photo © by Vanni/Art Resource, NY. (ART372243)
Timeline / Maps
1. The World According to Strabo
  1. Figure 1. Rough copy of map credited to L.A. Lawrence by Horace Leonard Jones in Preface to The Geography of Strabo. London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1917. Copy by Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
2. The Pre-Roman Mediterranean
  1. Figure 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, MA.
3. The Roman World
  1. Figure 1. Emily Scott Design
4. Timeline of Authors and Works
  1. Figure 1. Emily Scott Productions, Cambridge, MA.

Illustration Credits

Term Illustrations

ἀγαλλιάω

Spotlights

ἀγάπη

Spotlights

ἀγνοέω

ἀγράμματος

Spotlights

ἀγρυπνέω

Spotlights

αἰθίοψ

Spotlights

αἴνιγμα

αἵρεσις

ἀναλαμβάνω

Spotlights

ἀνάστασις

ἀνάψυξις

ἁπλότης

ἀποκαθίστημι

ἀρχηγός

Spotlights

ἀσχημονέω

βασιλεία

Spotlights

βδέλυγμα

γερουσία

γράμμα

γραμματεύς

Spotlights

γρηγορέω

Spotlights

δεσπότης

διακονία

Spotlights

διώκω

δόξα

δοῦλος

Spotlights

δύναμις

ἐγώ εἰμι

ἐλεημοσύνη

ἔλεος

Spotlights

ἐπικαλέω

Spotlights

ἐπιούσιος

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ἐπιστρέφω

ἔργον

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ἔρημος

ἔσοπτρον

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εὐαγγέλιον

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εὐεργεσία

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εὐσέβεια

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ζῆλος

θλῖψις

ἰδιώτης

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ἱερόν

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καταργέω

κηρύσσω

κοινός

Spotlights

κοινωνία

κτίσις

Spotlights

κύριος

Spotlights

λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον

μακροθυμία

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μαρτυρία